Spatial Characteristics and the Non-Hierarchical Nature of Regional Religious Systems (RRSs)

Based on the spatial analysis and GIS modeling of distribution religious sites in Greater China, we have developed concept regional systems (RRSs) as a novel way understanding studying patterns their relationship with other social cultural factors. This essay further explores theoretical issues such its center–periphery relations existing administrative economical hierarchies. Drawing our current project RRSs Hangzhou region various available studies about pre-modern Chinese religion, author explains characteristics RRSs, role transportation, trade pilgrimage routes formation RRSs. Using Buddhism an example, argues that China should be treated without internal hierarchical structure because political hierarchy prevents strong hierarchy.